History of the One oz Krugerrand

The Chamber of Mines of South Africa was formed in 1889 to represent mining employers and make decisions for the gold interests of South Africa. They were the planners behind the 1 Ounce Krugerrand, however the history of the Gold Krugerrand goes further back- well beyond it’s first mintage in July of 1967.

Witwatersrand, South Africa or the “ridge of white waters” in Afrikaans, is truly where Krugerrand history starts. These mineral rich hills run east to west near Johannesburg for over sixty miles. They produce many minerals including uranium- and in 1884 the first gold discovery was made. The president of the Transvaal at that time was Paul Kruger, who knew that the gold discovery would forever change the face of South Africa. As he predicted, the rich gold find brought in many foreign miners looking to make their fortune. As more and more foreigners entered, they eventually began to outnumber the Boers, and their protests for their rights lead to increasing levels of conflict. Underlying this concern for their rights, was the British desire to control gold rights.

The second Boer war started in 1899 with ultimatums from the British demanding equal rights for the uitlanders (foreigners), and Kruger’s response for the British to be out of Transvaal in 48 hours. After three bloody years, the war ended in 1902 and Transvaal was absorbed into the British empire- with some concessions to the Boers.

Politics settled, the march of the Krugerrand carried on. A Krugerrand would be nothing without that heart of precious metal- refined gold bullion. In 1920 the Transvaal Chamber of Mines needed a consolidated refinery to handle all the gold in South Africa. The Rand Refinery was created to meet this need, and has been in continuous operation every since.

Now to assemble the essential elements of a 1 oz Krugerrand. First on the reverse side of the coin, we have a Springbok antelope, designed by Coert Steynberg. The antelope symbolizes South Africa. Next the Krugerrand honors the 5th President of the South African Republic, Paul Kruger with a picture on the obverse. Finally, the name itself is derived by adding Kruger’s name to the national currency- the Rand. And where did the Rand come from? Witwatersrand of course.

The Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 coupled with the Executive Order 6102 signed by FDR effectively made it illegal for US citizens to own gold bullion at the time the Krugerrand came into being (1967). The South African government wanted to be able to sell gold to US and world investors- so they did two very clever things. One, they made it legal tender, which allowed US investors to purchase it as a foreign coin. Second, rather than list a denomination on the coin- they listed the actual gold content in the coin. So a One oz Krugerrand contains exactly that, one full ounce of gold bullion. Krugerrands are not pure gold, for every 11 parts gold there is one part copper to provide strength. This copper content makes them heavier than their one ounce label. South Africa still had another political hurdle to overcome before widespread trade in the Krugerrand could occur for US citizens- apartheid. Until political reform ended the practice in the mid nineties, the Krugerrand was illegal to import. In spite of this prohibition, and with free trade now, the Krugerrand has become the most popular bullion coin in history, with 46 million ounces in circulation. The One Ounce Krugerrand history is a tale of adventure, war, and progress.

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